New processing technologies: An overview
New processing tools for weak and/or spatially overlapped macromolecular diffraction patterns
New production and F-ratio on the continental shelf of the East China Sea: Comparisons between nitrate inputs from the subsurface Kuroshio current and the Changjiang river
New production based on 228Ra-derived nutrient budgets and thorium-estimated POC export at the intercalibration station in the South China Sea
New production in the equatorial Pacific: A coupled dynamical-biogeochemical model
New profiles of diabetic ketoacidosis: Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes and the effect of ethnicity
New progesterone esters as 5alpha-reductase inhibitors
New progesterone receptor antagonists: 3,3-Disubstituted-5-aryloxindoles
New prognostic factors in gastric cancer
New prognostic histological parameter of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: Clinicopathological significance of fibrotic focus
New prognostic indicator for non-small-cell lung cancer, quantitation of thymidylate synthase by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
New progress in the study of marine transgressional events and marine strata of the Meso-Cenozoic in the Tarim Basin
New proline mimetics: Synthesis of thrombin inhibitors incorporating cyclopentane- and cyclopentenedicarboxylic acid templates in the P2 position. Binding conformation investigated by X-ray crystallography
New prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors developed from dicarboxylic acid bis(L-prolyl-pyrrolidine) amides
New pronophiline butterflies from the Venezuelan tepuyes (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
New propylamine oligopyrrole carboxamides linked to a heterocyclic or anthraquinone system: Synthesis, DNA binding, topoisomerase I inhibition and cytotoxicity
New prospects for human stem-cell therapy in the nervous system
New prospects for the development of a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. An overview
New prospects in studying the bacterial signal recognition particle pathway
New prostaglandins from the chemically defended soft coral Plexaura nina
New protease inhibitors prevent gamma-secretase-mediated production of Abeta40/42 without affecting Notch cleavage
New protocol for DNA extraction of stool
New protocol for immune tolerance induction in acquired hemophilia
New protocol to detect coronary spastic angina without fixed stenosis
New prototype NIRS to investigate multi-regional cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation and haemodynamics
New provisions in the concept of vaccine prophylaxis of infantile infections
New pseudo-stationary phases for electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Complexes between bovine serum albumin and sodium dodecyl sulfate
New psychodids from the Cretaceous ambers of Lebanon and France, with a discussion of Eophlebotomus connectens Cockerell, 1920 (Diptera, Psychodidae)
New psychopharmacological approaches in mental health as applied by the Israel Defense Forces
New pteridophyte records from Gabon, West Africa, with a preliminary species list for Haut-Ogooue province
New pteridophyte records from Sichuan, China and their geographical significance
New pterogasterine mites from Nigeria and Brazil I. Scheloribates, Muliercula and Peloribates
New pulsatile bioreactor for fabrication of tissue-engineered patches
New pulsatile bioreactor for in vitro formation of tissue engineered heart valves
New purine derivatives for efficient preparation of nucleoside analogs via alkylation
New pygocephalomorph crustaceans from the Permian of China and their phylogenetic relationships
New pyranoanthocyanins from blackcurrant seeds
New pyrazole containing bicarboxylic alpha-amino acids: Mimics of the cis amide bond
New pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyrazines: Synthesis and biological activity
New pyrenoid formation in the brown alga, Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae)
New pyridine derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents
New pyridobenzodiazepine derivatives: Modifications of the basic side chain differentially modulate binding to dopamine (D4.2, D2L) and serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors
New pyridoquinoline derivatives as potential inhibitors of the fluoroquinolone efflux pump in resistant Enterobacter aerogenes strains
New pyrimidine cyclonucleosides with hydrogenated aglycones: Synthesis and X-ray structures
New pyrimido(5,4-b)indoles as Ligands for alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes
New pyrrole derivatives as antimycobacterial agents analogs of BM212
New pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium crassifolium
New pyrrolizidinone antibiotics CJ-16,264 and CJ-16,367
New quaternary ammonium oxicam derivatives targeted toward cartilage: Synthesis, pharmacokinetic studies, and antiinflammatory potency
New questions in the decision process in participating democracies
New questions on the hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry (HERA) model assessed by divided visual-field tachistoscopy in normal subjects
New quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acari Cheyletoidea) parasitizing Mexican parrots
New quinazoline alkaloids from Glycosmis cochinchinensis
New quinic acid derivatives from the fruits of Chaenomeles sinensis (Chinese quince)
New quinoline alkaloids from the leaves and stems of Orixa japonica, orijanone, isopteleflorine and 3'-O-methylorixine
New quinolinic derivatives as centrally active antioxidants
New quinolones and the impact on resistance
New quinoproteins in oxidative fermentation
New quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides for treatment of tuberculosis
New quinoxalinecarbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives as hypoxic-cytotoxic agents
New radical reactions of S-alkoxycarbonyl xanthates. Total synthesis of (+-)-cinnamolide and (+-)-methylenolactocin
New radiocarbon dates of Finnish mammoths (Mammuthus sp.)
New radiolarian species from the upper Cretaceous naiba reference section (Southern Sakhalin)
New radiolarians of the orders Aculearia and Sphaerellaria from the Upper Devonian of the Timan-Pechora province (Russia)
New radiolarians of the superfamily Entactinoidea from the Upper Devonian of Timan-Pechora Province, Russia
New range records of 12 marine invertebrates: The role of El Nino and other mechanisms in southern and central California
New rapid antigen test for diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis
New rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against bacterial surface antigens using filtration plates
New rapid flow cytometric method for the enumeration of nucleated red blood cells
New rapid step up protocol for immunotherapy in house dust mite nasal allergy
New rare bivalved arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China
New rat model for attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)
New ratiometric fluorescent calcium indicators with moderately attenuated binding affinities
New rationale for glucocorticoid treatment in septic shock
New reaction pathways of dopamine under oxidative stress conditions: Nonenzymatic iron-assisted conversion to norepinephrine and the neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine and 6,7-dihydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline
New reactions in the crotonase superfamily: Structure of methylmalonyl CoA decarboxylase from Escherichia coli
New reactivities of nitrogen-containing aromatics and their synthetic application
New readily accessible peroxides with high anti-malarial potency
New reagent for oxidative phenol coupling. The transformation of the monocyclic spermine base (S)-dihydroxyverbacine to the bicyclic alkaloid (S,S,S)-aphelandrine by cell free extract of barley seedlings
New reagents and methods for the synthesis of internal and 3'-labeled DNA
New reagents for detection of faecal occult blood
New reagents for directed modification of biopolymers: Photoaffinity modification of Tte DNA polymerase
New reagents for the introduction of reactive functional groups into chemically synthesized DNA probes
New reagents, reactions, and peptidomimetics for drug design
New real-time strain imaging concepts using diagnostic ultrasound
New rearrangement pattern after treatment of hairy-cell leukemia with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine
New reciprocal translocation t(5;10)(q33;q22) associated with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia
New reciprocal translocation t(6;10) (q27;q11) associated with idiopathic myelofibrosis and eosinophilia
New recognition of color Doppler ultrasound in patients with Graves' disease
New recommendations for evaluating solid tumor treatment and principles of the guidelines for clinical practice (GCP)
New recommendations from the 1999 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association acute myocardial infarction guidelines
New reconstructive surgery of remnant pancreas in cases of cancer of Vater's papilla
New reconstructive technologies in skull base surgery: Role of titanium mesh and porous polyethylene
New record and description of unknown males of Lodosocoris azhari Ahmad and Afzal (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Halyini) from Potohar in Islamabad and Taxila
New record and redescription of Enantiodrilus borellii (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) for Tucuman Province, Argentina
New record for Mexico of Trogoderma ornatum (Say) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) associated with Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: apidae)
New record for rare raceforse, Ocosia vespa Jordan and Starks, 1904, from the East China Sea (Scorpaeniformes, Tetrarogidae)
New record for the Tunisian coast, Papyridea papyracea (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia: Cardiidae)
New record for the endangered crawling water beetle, Brychius hungerfordi (Coleoptera: Haliplidae) in Michigan including water chemistry data
New record of Anthracotheriidae (Artiodactyla: Mammalia) from the middle Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne Group), Houston County, Texas
New record of Balanus zhujiangensis (Cirripedia, Balanidae) from Okinawa, Japan
New record of Bassariscus ogallalae (Carnivora: Procyonidae) from the Ogallala Group (Miocene) of Ellis County, Kansas, with comments on variation within Bassariscus
New record of Bidessus delicatulus from Slovakia (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
New record of Carapus dubius (Carapidae) off Madagascar?
New record of Cataetyx laticeps (Bythitidae) in Northwestern Atlantic
New record of Centropages brevifurcus (Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Gulf of Thailand and its full redescription
New record of Ctenodus (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi) from the Carboniferous of Montana
New record of Fridericia pyrenaica Giani, 1979 (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta), a species probably endemic to the Pyrenees, with complements to the original description
New record of Gracilaria firma Chang et Xia (Rhodophyta) from Okinawa, Japan
New record of Hexamermis sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasiting Rhaphigaster nebulosa Poda (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
New record of Macromyzus woodwardiae (Sternorhyncha, Aphididae) on Cyrtomium falcatum from Korea
New record of Montagnea arenaria (Fungi, Agaricales) and its distribution in Poland
New record of Mytilus viridis Linn., its density, growth and accumulation of heavy metals on Saurashtra coast, Arabian Sea
New record of Oceanactis diomedeae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Oractiidae) and systematic position of the genera Oceanactis and Oractis
New record of Otala (Otala) lactea (MULLER, 1774) Mollusca, Gastropoda in Madeira
New record of Plagiomerus diaspidis Crawford in Tamaulipas, Mexico, on scales of Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche)
New record of Sesamum radiatum Schumach. and Thonn. (Pedaliaceae) from Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala
New record of Sinobryobia (Acari: Tetranychidae: Bryobiinae) in Australia with description of a new species
New record of Sphenotherus (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the upper Tertiary of El Cajon valley (Catamarca province, Argentina). Systematic revision of the genus
New record of Walterinnesia aegyptia Lataste, 1887 (Ophidia: Elapidae: Bungarinae) in Turkey
New record of a Lessepsian migrant Pteragogus pelycus Randall, 1981 (Teleostei: Labridae) for northern Cyprus
New record of a crangonid shrimp, Aegaeon rathbuni (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Japan, with notes on its tegumental scales
New record of a native predator, Nephus sp. on Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green)
New record of a pupal parasitoid Perilampus nesiotes Crawford from a tachinid parasite of Antheraea proylei (Jolly) (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae) from Manipur
New record of a semi-terrestrial hippolytid shrimp, Merguia oligodon (De Man) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Japan and Thailand
New record of a web-spinner, Oligotoma saundersii (Embiidina, Oligotomidae) in Korea
New record of a whitefly species on mulberry (Morus alba)
New record of cluster fly Pollenia rudis (Fabricius) with distribution of all known blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Saudi Arabia
New record of coccinellids from Uttar Pradesh
New record of coccinellids from Uttar Pradesh II
New record of damage to poplar due to Leucoptera sphenograpta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), a leaf miner on poplar in Uttar Pradesh
New record of egg plant defoliator, Selepa docilis Butler in Haryana
New record of four Pyraustine moths (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in Korea
New record of genus Odontaeus Klug (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae: Geotrupinae) with a new species from Oriental region
New record of predation on the eggs of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius)(Coleoptera: Anobiidae), a stored tobacco pest
New record of prostigmatid mites (Nematalycidae) from Japan
New record of six marine fishes from St. Martin's Coral Island, Bay of Bengal, in Bangladesh
New record of snakes from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina)
New record of subfamily Paxylommatinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Korea
New record of the Japanese House-dwelling bat, Pipistrellus abramus from Hokkaido
New record of the genus Banchopsis Rudow, 1886 for the New World with description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchini)
New record of the genus Parempheriella Matile from the Palaearctic region (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)
New record of the genus Tympanophorus Nordmann (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Korea
New record of the genus and species, Besuchetionella nipponica, from Korea (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
New record of the genus in Tanypodinae (Chironomidae) from Japan, Hayesomyia tripunctata (Goetghebuer, 1922)
New record of the gobiid fish Feia nympha from Japan and comments on its unique cephalic sensory papillae rows
New record of the mollusc Corbula gibba (Olivi, 1792) in the muddy sands of Dunkirk harbour (North Sea)
New record of two ascophoran species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Manjaedo Island, Korea
New record of two echinoids (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) in Korea
New record of two marine sponges (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) in Korea
New record of wild silk caterpillar Cricula trifenestrata Helfer on large cardamon and notes on it's biology
New record of yellow hard scale Aspidiotus destructor Sign. (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on betelvine
New record species for the Italian fauna: Cirrospilus talitzkii (Hymenoptera Eulophidae), a new parasitoid of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae) (Preliminary note)
New record species to the flora of China
New records and a new species of Oreogria Merkl from Irian Jaya (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae: Lagriini)
New records and biological features of Gerridae from Argentina and Uruguay (Insecta, Heteroptera)
New records and biological notes on species of Cleridae (Coleoptera) from the Adirondack Park, New York
New records and clarification of some names of Pteridophyta in Hong Kong (III)
New records and clarification of some names of pteridophyta in Hong Kong (II)
New records and habitat information for Sorex merriami in Nebraska
New records and laboratory-rearing data for Ixodes schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae) in Brazil
New records and morphological observations on three known species of Plectidae and Ironidae (Nemata: Adenophorea) from Pakistan
New records and new species of Upper Cretaceous Ostracoda for Indian intertrappean deposits
New records and new species of fresh water springtails from China (Collembola)
New records and new synonyms for the southern South American moss flora
New records and notes on Brazilian bryophytes
New records and notes on Hawaiian marine benthic chlorophyta, including Pseudochlorodesmis abbreviata (Gilbert), n. comb. (Udoteaceae) and Cladophora luxurians (Gilbert), n. comb. (Cladophoraceae)
New records and notes on little known shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Azorean waters
New records and notes on previously reported species of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) for Ontario and Canada
New records and observations for parasitic chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their mayfly (ephemeroptera) hosts
New records and present position of Poaceae of Jabalpur (M.P.)
New records and range extensions of reef fishes in the western South Atlantic, with comments on reef fish distribution along the Brazilian coast
New records and range extensions of species of Dipogon (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) in Colorado
New records and rarely collected species of Auchenorrhyncha from Switzerland, third supplement
New records and redescriptions of some Schott and Womersley paronellid (Collembola) species from Australia including a key to genera
New records and taxonomic reexamination of the genus Centropages (Copepoda: Calanoida), with notes on their geographic distribution in Indonesian waters
New records and taxonomic reexamination of the genus Labidocera (Copepoda: Calanoida), with notes on their species groups and distribution in Indonesian waters
New records and taxonomy of the genus Pontella (Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida), with notes on its distribution in Indonesian waters
New records concerning Bulgarian discomycetous fungi
New records for Anyphops Benoit (Araneae, Selenopidae) and comments on its distribution
New records for Ceratophyllus lari (Siphonaptera) and diagnosis of the larva
New records for Elatostema and Pellionia (Urticaceae) in some provinces of China
New records for Hemiptera species in Western Australia
New records for Huelva province. I
New records for Petrelaea tombugensis (Rober) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Queensland
New records for ancient pests: Archaeoentomology in Egypt
New records for the Argentinian flora: Bromus villosissimus and Dissanthelium macusaniense (Gramineae)
New records for the Turkish Chrysomelidae fauna (Coleoptera)
New records for the Turkish aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
New records for the flora of Chile, based on collections from the Second Region
New records for the fungal flora of Turkey
New records for the lichen flora of Turkey
New records for the mesopelagic and demersal ichthyofauna between Mocha Island and Taitao Peninsula (38degree 04' - 46degree 13'S), Chile
New records for the myxomycetes flora of Turkey
New records for the sponge fauna (Porifera: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)
New records for the vascular flora of the Santa Ana Mountains, California
New records for two Brazilean species of Capparis (Capparaceae): C. lineata and C. nectarea
New records from Taiwan of three interesting dematiaceous hyphomycetes
New records from the Northern Range of the plains spadefoot toad, Spea bombifrons in Alberta
New records in Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) for the United States
New records of Amphipoda Hyperiidea in associations with gelatinous zooplankton
New records of Arenicolides ecaudata (Johnston, 1865) (Polychaeta, Arenicolidae) from Norwegian waters
New records of Assiminea grayana FLEMING, 1828, Myosotella myosotis (DRAPARNAUD, 1801) and Pisidium subtruncatum MALM, 1855 (Mollusca: Gastropoda, Bivalvia) in the Scheldt estuary
New records of Aulacigastridae and Drosophilidae (Diptera) from Switzerland, Italy, and Greece
New records of Australian Myxomycota
New records of Blastobasidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea, with description of a new species
New records of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) subfamilies and genera from Mexico and the state of Yucatan
New records of Bryocyclops from the continental U.S.A., Puerto Rico, and Brazil (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae)
New records of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from the Canary Islands
New records of Cololejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae) for China and Vietnam
New records of Corixidae (Heteroptera) from northeastern USA and eastern Canada, with one new synonymy
New records of Dacinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Northern Queensland and Torres Strait, Australia
New records of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) species of Korea, including the description of a new species
New records of Duvalius Delarouzee, 1859 and Procerus Dejean, 1826 from Northern Greece (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
New records of Ellisembia, Penzigomyces, Sporidesmium and Repetophragma species on bamboo from China
New records of Empidoidea fauna from Bulgaria (Diptera: Atelestidae, Microphoridae, Hybotidae, Empididae)
New records of Encalypta mutica Hag. (Encalyptaceae, Musci) in Russia
New records of Eriphiidae, Pilumnidae and Xanthidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Taiwan
New records of Eurycercus glacialis (Cladocera: Chydoridae) in turloughs in south-east Galway
New records of Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) for the Caribbean
New records of Funalia trogii, Perenniporia tenuis and Polyporus pseudobetulinus from Finland, with notes on their habitat requirements and conservation implications
New records of Fungiacava eilatensis Goreau et al., 1968 (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) boring into Indonesian mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae)
New records of Gelidiella pannosa, Pterocladiella caerulescens and Pterocladiella caloglossoides (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales) from Japan
New records of Grylloidea from Africa and the Indian subcontinent (Insecta: Orthopteroidea: Ensifera)
New records of Halgerda Bergh, 1880 (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) from the deep western Pacific Ocean, with descriptions of four new species
New records of Hildebrandia rivularis (LIEBM.) J. AG. (Rhodophyta) in Bulgaria
New records of Holocene landslide activity in the Western and Eastern Swiss Alps: Implication of climate and vegetation changes
New records of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in Hokkaido, Japan
New records of Indo-Pacific epitoniidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) with the description of nineteen new species
New records of Isogenus nubecula and Amphinemura borealis in central Europe (Plecoptera: Perlodidae, Nemouridae)
New records of Jurassic molluscs from the Cadda Formation at Enanty Hill, Irwin River district, Western Australia
New records of Lepidoptera for the fauna of Italy from the collections of the Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine (Lepidoptera)
New records of Lepidoptera from the Kola Peninsula, Northwestern Russia
New records of Lymnaea (Stagnicola) species in the West Ukraine (Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae)
New records of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean
New records of Metaxytherium (Mammalia: Sirenia) from the late Miocene of Cisterna quarry (Apulia, southern Italy)
New records of Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Turkey
New records of Milesiinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Turkey
New records of Mitriform gastropods from Japan with description of Vexillum (Pusia) charlesi n. sp. (Neogastropoda: Muricoidea: Costellariidae)
New records of Morid fishes (Teleostei: Gadiformes) from the southernmost tip of South America
New records of Myelophycus cavus (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Korea and the taxonomic position of the genus on the basis of a plastid DNA phylogeny
New records of Nathusius' bat (Pipistrellus nathusii) in eastern Bohemia (Czech Republic)
New records of Nesoselandria Rohwer from India (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae, Selandriinae)
New records of Neuroptera from Iran
New records of Norwegian Lauxaniidae (Diptera)
New records of Norwegian Scatopsidae (Diptera)
New records of Odonata from Estonia, with notes on breeding in the Baltic Sea and on species assemblages of raised bog systems
New records of Oedipodinae (Acrididae: Orthoptera) from Azad Jammu and Kashmir with the description of a new species
New records of Ohio long-horned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
New records of Orchidaceae for Brazil
New records of Pasiphaeidae shrimp family (Crustacea, Decapoda) off Northern Chile (18degree a 22degree lat. sur, 70degree a 72degree long W)
New records of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) with descriptions of new species from Rwanda and Reunion (Pauropoda and Symphyla of the Geneva Museum XII)
New records of Phoridae (Diptera) from Hungary
New records of Phyllachora on Poaceae from Argentina
New records of Psylloidea and Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera) from Norway
New records of Ramariopsis from Mexico
New records of Rhabdodontium buftonii (Broth. & Geh.) Broth. (Bryopsida: Pterobryaceae) in Tasmania
New records of Rhantus incognitus R. Scholz in Poland, with comments on its distribution and habitat preferences (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
New records of Rhopalosomatidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) from Wisconsin
New records of Rosa rubiginosa L. in central Russia
New records of Saprinus lautus from central Italy (Coleoptera, Histeridae)
New records of Scarabaeoidea laparosticta (Coleoptera) from some Middle Eastern countries
New records of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the sandy beaches of Madagascar, with the description of a new species
New records of Siphonaptera (Rhopalopsyllidae and Hystrichopsyllidae) ectoparasites of rodents (Rodentia, Muridae) from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
New records of Solenogastres-Pholidoskepia (Mollusca) from Norwegian fjords and shelf waters including two new species
New records of Suncus etruscus (Mammalia: Insectivora) in Bulgaria and Greece and distribution of the species in the Balkans
New records of Symphyla (Myriapoda) from the Russian Far East
New records of Syrphinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Turkey
New records of Tachinidae (Diptera) from Turkey
New records of Tephritinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Australia and the South Pacific
New records of Trichoceridae from Hungary (Diptera)
New records of Trichoceridae, Limoniidae and Ptychopteridae from Italy (Insecta, Diptera)
New records of Triozidae (Hem., Psylloidea) from Norway
New records of Trypetinae from Brunei Darussalam (Diptera: Tephritidae)
New records of Vaucheria species (Xanthophyceae) with associated Proales werneckii (Rotifera) from North America
New records of Veronica dabneyi Hochst. (Scrophulariaceae), an Azorean endemic plant not collected since 1938
New records of Verrucomorpha (Cirripedia, Crustacea) off Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
New records of Xestospongia species (Haplosclerida: Petrosiidae) from the Curacao reefs, with a description of a new species
New records of Xylariaceae of Sonora, Mexico
New records of Yponomeutoid moths (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Plutellidae) from Israel
New records of Zingiberaceae from Southern Thailand
New records of a paedomorphic fish, Schindleria praematura (Pisces: Schindleriidae), from waters of Taiwan
New records of a porcupine and armadillo in Riley County, Kansas
New records of aphids (Homoptera, Aphidodea) from Estonia
New records of aquatic heteroptera from Japan
New records of bats (Chiroptera) from Indonesian islands
New records of beaked whales, Genus Mesoplodon, from New Zealand (Cetacea: Ziphiidae)
New records of benthic diatoms from natural grazing surfaces of abalone (Haliotis spp.) in the Baja California Peninsula
New records of benthic marine algae for Norway, with notes on some rare species from the Floro district, western Norway
New records of benthic marine algae from Isla Cozumel, Mexico: Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta
New records of benthic marine algae from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. II
New records of benthic marine algae from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. III
New records of benthic marine red algae (Ceramiales: Rhodophyta) from the Azores
New records of bryophytes from a saline area of Greece
New records of bryophytes from the southern Musandam Peninsula and Jebel Hafit (United Arab Emirates): Studies in Arabian bryophytes 23
New records of cave-dwelling earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Naididae) and other annelids (Aeolosomatida, Branchiobdellida and Hirudinea) in the Southeastern United States, with notes on their ecology
New records of coccoid cyanobacteria from Hong Kong rocky shores
New records of coprophilous fungi from Turkham, North Pakistan
New records of crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Altai
New records of crustaceans (Amphipoda, Isopoda) in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta, California, and application of criteria for introduced species
New records of deathwatch beetles (Anobiidae) from Israel
New records of deep-sea fishes from the waters around the Falkland Islands
New records of deep-water shrimps of the genus Pandalopsis with a description of P. zarenkovi spec. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the Bering Sea
New records of desmids for Bangladesh. II. Thirteen taxa
New records of desmids for Bangladesh: I. Fifteen taxa
New records of diatoms (Racillariophyceae) from the Colombian Amazon
New records of diptera and hymenoptera from the Canary Islands (Insecta, Diptera, Hymenoptera)
New records of eleven algal taxa for Bangladesh
New records of endohelminths of the alligator snapping turtle (Macroclemys temminckii) from Arkansas and Louisiana, U.S.A
New records of false scorpions in the Caucasus (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones)
New records of five ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from tallgrass prairie remnants in western Minnesota
New records of five orb-web spiders of the genera Leucauge, Mesida, and Eriovixia (Araneae: Tetragnathidae and Araneidae) from Taiwan
New records of fleas (Siphonaptera) from eastern West Virginia
New records of fur mites of the subgenus Listrophoroides s. str. (Acari: Atopomelidae: Listrophoroides) from rats of Vietnam, with description of a new species
New records of gastrointestinal helminths from the southern black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus) in New Zealand
New records of gelechiid moths from the Southern Siberia with description of three new species (Lepidoptera)
New records of grasses from Kerala
New records of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) for North Dakota
New records of harpacticoid copepods from Everglades National Park (Florida, U.S.A.): Description of Nitokra evergladensis, new species (Ameiridae), supplementary description of Attheyella americana, and redescription of Bryocamptus newyorkensis (Canthocamptidae)
New records of higher plants from some provinces in China (I)
New records of host plants of Plasmopara halstedii (Peronosporales; Peronosporaceae) from Mexico
New records of intersexuality in the freshwater crayfish Samastacus spinifrons (Decapoda, Parastacidae)
New records of interstitial ciliates (Protozoa Ciliophora) from the Saudi coasts of the Red Sea
New records of intertidal Aleochara Gravenhorst species and key to the species in Korea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
New records of intertidal epilithic cyanobacteria from Hong Kong shores
New records of isopods from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (Crustacea: Peracarida)
New records of land snails from the mountains of northwestern British Columbia
New records of leaf beetles from Turkey (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
New records of leaf-beetles, Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from Turkey
New records of lichens from Mexico
New records of mammals from Durango, Mexico
New records of mammals from Iran with systematic comments on hedgehogs (Erinaceidae) and mouse-like hamsters (Calomyscus, Muridae)
New records of marine algae from Korea I
New records of marine benthic algae for the Mozambican coast, collected at Inhaca Island
New records of marine benthic diatom species for the north-western Mexican region
New records of marine cyanobacteria from rocky shores of Hong Kong
New records of marine fishes, Arius maculatus and Luciogobius saikaiensis from Korea
New records of marine invertebrates from Sao Tome Island (Gulf of Guinea)
New records of marine invertebrates from the Cape Verde Islands
New records of marine tardigrades (Arthrotardigrada) from Victoria
New records of mayflies from Austria (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
New records of micromycetes from the Czech Republic. IV. Acrodontium salmoneum, Chaunopycnis alba and cylindrocarpostylus gregarius, and notes on Dactylaria lanosa and Trichoderma saturnisporum
New records of natural enemies on insect pests of neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss
New records of nematodes associated with betelvine in Pakistan with observations on Aphelenchoides helicosoma
New records of open coast and mangrove algae on the Saudi Coast of the Arabian Gulf
New records of orchids from Ethiopia
New records of parasitic Copepoda from the offshore pelagic fishes of Japan
New records of parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera) from the interior highlands of Arkansas
New records of pathogenic fungi in mites (Arachnida: Acari) from Brazil
New records of pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the African Atlantic coast, with description of a new species and a zoogeographic analysis
New records of phoretic and soil-living mites from Iran (Acari, Heterostigmata, Scutacaridae)
New records of phytopathogenic fungi in the Chatham Islands, New Zealand
New records of pigmented Euglenaceae from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
New records of plant fossils from the Kasauli sediments of Himachal Pradesh, north-west India
New records of planthoppers (Homoptera, Delphacidae) from Japan
New records of powdery mildews from ornamental trees in Korea (I)
New records of pteridophytes from Bolivia
New records of rare fungi in the Sumava mountains (Czech Republic). II
New records of recent brachiopods from the eastern Mediterranean Sea
New records of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae) for the Turkish fauna
New records of rotifers (planktonic) from the freshwater wetlands of Tripura (India)
New records of rotifers from Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeast Thailand, with a description of Lecane baimaii n. sp
New records of scleractinians from the northwestern Sea of Japan
New records of sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) from the continental shelf of Taiwan
New records of serranids (Perciformes) from the continental shelf of Ecuador with a key to the species, and comments on enso-associated fish dispersal
New records of sharks, Sphyrna lewini and Alopias vulpinus (Pisces: Elasmobranchii) in Korea
New records of sigmodontine rodents (Mammalia: Muridae) from high-Andean localities of northwestern Argentina
New records of small mammals (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Hyracoidea) from Jordan
New records of snow algae for New Zealand, from Mt Philistine, Arthur's Pass National Park
New records of soil-associated lichens from north-eastern Patagonia (Chubut, Argentina)
New records of some freshwater planktonic algae for Bangladesh: Species of Treubaria, Goniochloris, Tetraedriella and Tetraplektron
New records of some little known Palearctic bee species (Insecta, Hymneoptera, Apoidae)
New records of species of Sphegigaster Spinola (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) from Italy
New records of spiders (Araneae) from Norway with notes on epigynal characters of Philodromus fuscomarginatus (De Geer) (Philodromidae) and Araneus sturmi (Hahn) (Araneidae)
New records of spiders (Araneae) from the Oslofjord area, SE Norway
New records of stigmaeid mites from Greece with description of a new species (Acari: Stigmaeidae)
New records of stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Kentucky
New records of storks (Ciconiidae) from quaternary asphalt deposits in Cuba
New records of tenebrionid beetles from the Aegean Islands (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
New records of the Brassicaceae of European Russia
New records of the Chlorophyta from South Africa, with the emphasis on the marine benthic flora of KwaZulu-Natal
New records of the Corticiaceae from mainland China
New records of the Limnephiloidea (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Korea
New records of the Polynesian rat Rattus exulans (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Taiwan and the Ryukyus
New records of the Striped Worm-lizard Aprasia striolata in south-western Victoria
New records of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Minnesota
New records of the carnivorous pelagic polychaete, Phalacrophorus pictus borealis Reibisch, 1895 in the Arctic Ocean
New records of the cestode genus Pseudotobothrium (Trypanorhyncha: Otobothriidae) from Australian fishes
New records of the colubrid snake Dinodon orientale (Hilgendorf, 1880) (Reptilia: Colubridae) from Shimo-koshikijima and Takeshima Islands, southern Kyushu, Japan
New records of the genus Buenoa (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) from Ohio
New records of the genus Histioneis F.R. von Stein (Dinophyceae) from Turkish coastal waters
New records of the genus Rectolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae) for the state of Bahia, Brazil
New records of the green-algal genus Rhipiliopsis (Udoteaceae, Caulerpales) from Papua New Guinea and the Seychelles Islands, including the description of Rhipiliopsis papuensis Coppejans, De Clerck et Leliaert, sp. nov
New records of the helminth fauna from gras snake, Natrix natrix L., 1758 and dice snake, Natrix tessellata Laurenti, 1768 (Colubridae: Reptilia) in South Bulgaria
New records of the least grebe (Tachybaptus dominicus) and ten records of water fowls in La Paz bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico
New records of the milliped family Pyrgodesmidae (Polydesmida) from the southeastern United States, with a summary of the fauna
New records of the subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) for the Turkish fauna
New records of the subfamily Banchinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Turkey
New records of the subfamily Milesiinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Turkey
New records of the testate amoebae from Norway
New records of the thintail skate Dipturus leptocauda (Rajidae, Rajinae, Rajini), with notes on its taxonomy
New records of the water mite Arrenurus from Australia, with description of three new species and one new subspecies (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Arrenuridae)
New records of the water mite family Hygrobatidae from Australia, with the description of ten new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia)
New records of three hydroid species from Geojedo Island, Korea
New records of three leaf-rolling sawflies of the genus Pamphilius (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) from Greece and Macedonia
New records of three pentatomomorphan species (Heteroptera) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
New records of three phytoseiid mite species from Korea (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
New records of three species of the genus Micarea (lichenized Ascomycota) in Poland
New records of three xanthoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) collected from Chejudo Island in Korea
New records of trypanorhynch cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico, including Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901) and Heteronybelinia palliata (Linton, 1924) comb. n
New records of two Brachymeria species (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) hyperparasitizing tachinid parasitoids of Antheraea proylei Jolly (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae) from north-eastern parts of India
New records of two Xyleborus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America
New records of two freshwater neritids from Okinawa, Japan
New records of two phanerozonian asteroids (Echinodermata, Stelleroidea) in Korea
New records of two plant bug genera (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Pilophorini) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species
New records of two water boatmen (Heteroptera, Corixidae) from Japan
New records of typhlocybine leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) from Japan
New records of vagrant birds in the South Atlantic and in the Antarctic
New records of vascular plants for Ohio and Cuyahoga County, Ohio
New records of vascular plants for northern Mt. Strandzha (SE Bulgaria)
New records of vascular plants in the Yukon Territory II
New records of vascular plants in the Yukon Territory III
New records of vascular plants in the Yukon Territory IV
New records of vascular plants to the Bulgarian flora
New records of wandering spiders from Texas, with a description of the male of Ctenus valverdiensis (Araneae: Ctenidae)
New records of water mites (Acari, Actinedida) from Israel, with a description of a new species, Krendowskia levantensis
New records of water-mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) based on the material collected by T. Petkovski in Croatia, including a check-list of species recorded in Croatia
New records of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Madeira Island with some taxonomical notes
New records on little-known western Palaearctic Macrocera MEIGEN, with a description of M. jonica sp.n. from Greece (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
New records on the genus Neostromboceros Rohwer from India (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae: Selandriinae)
New records to the bryophyte flora of Iran Studies on the flora and vegetation of the Golestan National Park, NE Iran IV
New records with ecological notes for rare aquatic vascular plants in Indiana. Part 1
New records, hosts, and SEM observations of Cercaria owreae (Hutton, 1954) from the Mexican Caribbean Sea
New recyclable catalysts for aerobic alcohols oxidation: Sol-gel ormosils doped with TPAP
New red blood cell lysing fixative for use in fine needle aspiration and fluid cytology
New red cell parameters on the Sysmex XE-2100TM as potential markers of functional iron deficiency
New reference for the age at childhood onset of growth and secular trend in the timing of puberty in Swedish
New regioselective total syntheses of antibiotic renierol, renierol acetate, and renierol propionate from the 5-oxygenated isoquinoline
New regulations for protection of species by the law
New regulatory mechanisms in the biosynthesis of pheomelanins: Rearrangement vs. redox exchange reaction routes of a transient 2H-1,4-benzothiazine-o-quinonimine intermediate
New remains of Proterotheriidae (Mammalia, Litopterna) in the Pleistocene of Cordoba Province, Argentina
New remains of primitive ruminants from Thailand: Evidence of the early evolution of the Ruminantia in Asia
New remarkable findings of desmids from Austria
New renin inhibitors with hydrophilic C-terminus
New renin inhibitors with pseudodipeptidic units in P1-P1' and P2'-P3' positions
New report of Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston, (Scrophulariaceae), from Killekarithurai, Cuddalore Dt., Tamilnadu
New report on Sordarialean fungi in Korea
New report on chromosome number, karyotype and 4C DNA content in three species of Pachypodium Lindley
New report on some crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Kerala, India
New report on the antifungal activity of Citrus reticulata Blanco against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
New reporter cell lines to study macrophage-tropic HIV envelope protein-mediated cell-cell fusion
New reports in Glomales (Zygomycetes) from Central Argentina mountain grassland. III
New reports of benthic species from the french coasts of the eastern English Channel and the North Sea
New reports of calicioid lichenized and non-lichenized Ascomycetes from Taiwan
New reports of fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Anostraca and clam shrimps (Crustacea: Laevicaudata and Spinicaudata) from South Carolina
New reports of marine ascomycetes from Orissa, India
New reports on the avifauna in the state of Puebla, Mexico
New representatives of belemnites from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Georgia
New representatives of the genera Glosshypothyridina and Hypothyridina (Rhynchonellida) from the devonian of novaya zemlya
New representatives of the genus Canavirila (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) from the Frasnian of the south of Novaya Zemlya
New reproductive anomalies in fruitless-mutant Drosophila males: Extreme lengthening of mating durations and infertility correlated with defective serotonergic innervation of reproductive organs
New requirements and perspectives in initial drug selection for hypertension
New research on Palearctic crane species
New residuals for Cox regression and their application to outlier screening
New resource management strategies
New respiratory technologies for artificial one-lung ventilation in high-risk patients in thoracic surgery
New response surface approach to optimize medium composition for production of bacteriocin by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356
New responsibilities of scientists with regard to uncertainties of the future
New results about stored-product protection (animal pests). IX
New results about structure, function and regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase (CF0CF1)
New results concerning the behavior of cellulose acetate in solutions and films by means of CD measurements
New results concerning the morphology of the most ancient dragonflies (Insecta: Odonatoptera) from the Namurian of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany)
New results for the late miocene soricidae stratigraphy in the pannonian basin
New results from telemetric studies of Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and European Honey-buzzard (Pernis apivorus)
New results of Hominoid research in the Carpathian Basin
New results of exploitation the heterosis in tomato in Bulgaria
New results on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of widely polydisperse hydrosoluble polymers
New results on the occurrence of plant viruses in Hungarian rivers and lakes
New rhyncholites from the lower cretaceous of the Crimea
New ribosome-inactivating proteins from seeds and fruits of the bitter gourd Momordica charantia
New rice mutants lacking glutelin alpha-1 subunit
New riodinids from the Central Brazilian plateau (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae)
New robust 3-D phase unwrapping algorithms: Application to magnetic field mapping and undistorting echoplanar images
New role for tRNA and its fragment purified from human urinary bladder carcinoma conditioned medium: Inhibition of endothelial cell growth
New role for the primate fovea: A retinal excavation determines photoreceptor deployment and shape
New role of delta2-glutamate receptors in AMPA receptor trafficking and cerebellar function
New role of glycosaminoglycans on the plasma membrane proposed by their interaction with phosphatidylcholine
New roles for PPARs in cholesterol homeostasis
New roles for astrocytes (stars at last)
New roles for astrocytes: Gap junction hemichannels have something to communicate
New roles for astrocytes: Redefining the functional architecture of the brain
New roles for astrocytes: Regulation of CNS synaptogenesis
New roles for astrocytes: Regulation of synaptic transmission
New roles for astrocytes: The nightlife of an 'astrocyte'. La vida loca!
New roles for p21 and p27 cell-cycle inhibitors: A function for each cell compartment?
New roles of the most stable olygopeptides, neurotrophines and immunomodulators in regulatory continuum
New route of synthesis of the antimalarial drug: Benflumetol
New route to 4-aminocyclopent-2-en-1-ols: Synthesis and enantioselective rearrangement of 4-amino-substituted cyclopentene oxides
New route to herbertanes via a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction: Synthesis of herbertenediol
New route to protoporphyrins III and XIII from common starting pyrroles
New route to the synthesis of the illudane skeleton by Michael-Michael-elimination reaction
New routes to the synthesis of amylose-block-polystyrene rod-coil block copolymers
New rubrolides from the ascidian Synoicum blochmanni
New rules for Bt corn
New rules for phytopharmaceutical drug registration in Brazil
New rumen ciliates from Turkish domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.): 2. Epidinium graini n. sp. (Ophryoscolecidae, Entodiniomorphida)
New rumen ciliates from Turkish domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.): 3. Entodinium oektemae n. sp. and Entodinium imaii n. sp. (Entodiniidae, Entodiniomorphida)
New safe medicines faster: A proposal for a key action within the European Union's 6th framework programme
New safe medicines faster: The role of analytical chemistry
New salamander of the genus Plethodon from Mississippi
New salt-sensitivity metrics: Variability-adjusted blood pressure change and the urinary sodium-to-creatinine ratio
New sample preparation method for the capillary electrophoretic determination of adenylate energy charge in human erythrocytes
New saponins from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis
New saprobic fungi on fronds of palms from northern Queensland, Australia
New scaffolds for combinatorial synthesis. 1. 5-Sulfamoylisatins and their reactions with 1,2-diamines
New scaffolds in the development of mu opioid-receptor ligands
New schedules of interferon for chronic hepatitis C
New scheme of the biosynthesis of formononetin involving 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone but not daidzein as the methyl acceptor
New sciarid species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from relic linden forest of the Altaiskii krai
New scope in angiogenesis: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), NO, lipid peroxidation, and vitamin E in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia among Egyptian females
New scoring system identifies kidney outcome with radiation therapy in acute renal allograft rejection
New scorpion records from the Gran Chaco of Paraguay (Chelicerata, Scorpiones)
New screening methods for chemicals with hormonal activities using interaction of nuclear hormone receptor with coactivator
New secretory strategies for Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase
New sediment reference material for the quality control of butyltin and phenyltin analysis
New segmented copolymers containing poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and etheramide segments for the controlled release of bioactive compounds
New selectable marker/auxotrophic host strain combinations for molecular genetic manipulation of Pichia pastoris
New selective amplifier genes containing c-Mpl for hematopoietic cell expansion
New selective and potent 5-HT1B/1D antagonists: Chemistry and pharmacological evaluation of N-piperazinylphenyl biphenylcarboxamides and biphenylsulfonamides
New selective cytotoxic diterpenylquinones and diterpenylhydroquinones
New selective inhibitors of cytochromes P450 2B and their application to antimutagenesis of tamoxifen
New selective method for quantification of organosilanol groups in silicone pre-elastomers
New selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors: Synthesis and inhibitory activity of 2,3 or 5-(alpha-azolylbenzyl)-1H-indoles
New selenium-containing acetylenic retinoids by direct coupling of alkynylsilanes with selenyhalides
New selenyl linker for solid-phase synthesis of dehydropeptides
New semicircular clip for internal carotid artery aneurysms: Technical note
New semisynthetic antimicrobial labdane-type diterpenoids derived from the resin ladano of Cistus creticus
New semisynthetic quassinoids with in vivo antimalarial activity
New semisynthetic vinca alkaloids: Chemical, biochemical and cellular studies
New sensitive agents for detecting singlet oxygen by electron spin resonance spectroscopy
New sensitive and selective fluorescent probes for fluoride using boronic acids
New sensitive assay of vancomycin in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection
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